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佛教基本教义，特指人世间的一切都是苦的，生的欲望是苦的因缘，只有消除业因的烦恼（欲望）才能得到解脱，而解脱的道路是通过八正道消灭私念。

the Four Noble Truths (Budd.), covered by the acronym 苦集滅道:all life is suffering 苦, the cause of suffering is desire 集, emancipation comes only by eliminating passions 灭, the way 道 to emancipation is the Eight-fold Noble Way 八正道